FAQs and Scenarios not Covered Elsewhere

When citing a revised edition, include the edition number, and use the year of the edition you referenced, not the year of the original. If the book is a revised or updated edition and does not include an edition number, use the language on the copyright page. Here are the abbreviations to use for indicating the edition:

Note that "first edition" is not included in the chart above. If the book is a first edition, you do not include the edition number. 

Footnote Format

1 Forename Surname, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book, edition (City, ST: Publisher Name, Year of Publication), ##.

2 Surname, Shortened Title, #.

Footnote Examples

1  Ian Stuart-Hamilton, The Psychology of Aging: An Introduction, 5th ed. (London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2012), 351-52.

2  Gordon D. Fee, The First Epistle to the Corinthians, rev. ed., New International Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2014), 87, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/kb/detail.action?docID=6976251.

3  Craig L. Blomberg, Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey, 3rd ed. (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing, 2022), 234.

4  Fee, First Epistle, 87.

Bibliography Format

Surname, Forename. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Edition. City, ST: Publisher Name, Year of Publication.

Bibliography Example

For publications issued without an author by an organization, association, commission, or corporation, use the name of the organization itself as the author, even if it is also the publisher. The format and examples below are for a book. But you would make the same change at the beginning of a citation for journals, blogs, etc.

Footnote Format

1 Organization Name, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (City, ST: Publisher Name, Year of Publication), ##.

2 Name of Organization, Shortened Title, #.

Footnote Examples

1  Southern Baptist Convention, The Baptist Faith and Message: A Statement Adopted by the Southern Baptist Convention June 14, 2000 (Nashville, TN: Lifeway Christian Resources, 2000), 10.

2  Southern Baptist Convention, Baptist Faith, 3.

Bibliography Format

Organization Name. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. City, ST: Publisher Name, Year of Publication.

Bibliography Examples

Books are often republished several times and/or reissued in different formats. Only cite a reprint if you are citing pages from a reprinted edition rather than the original. Include the original publication information (city, publisher, date) first, followed by the reprint information (city, publisher, date). You do not need to cite the original page numbers, only the page numbers of the reprint that you are using.

Footnote Format

1 Forename Surname, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (Original City, ST: Original Publisher, Original Year of Publication; repr., City, ST: Publisher Name, Year of Reprint), ##.

2 Surname, Shortened Title, #.

If the reprint has the same publisher and city as the original, you do not need to cite the publisher and city twice; simply cite the original year of publication and then include the city and publisher in the reprint section.

1 Forename Surname, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (Original Year of Publication; repr., City, ST: Publisher Name, Year of Reprint), ##.

2 Surname, Shortened Title, #.

Footnote Examples

1  Geerhardus Vos, Biblical Theology: Old and New Testaments (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948; repr., Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2003), 340-41.

2  Vos, Biblical Theology, 242.

3  Jonathan Edwards, Of Being (1721; repr., New Haven, MA: Yale University Press, 1995), 10.

4  Edwards, Being, 11.

Bibliography Format

Surname, Forename. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Original City, ST: Original Publisher, Original Year of Publication. Reprint, City, ST: Publisher Name, Year of Publication.

If the reprint has the same publisher and city as the original, you do not need to cite the publisher and city twice; simply cite the original year of publication and then include the city and publisher in the reprint section.

Surname, Forename. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Original Year of Publication. Reprint, City, ST: Publisher Name, Year of Publication.

Bibliography Examples

In general, citing a primary source within a secondary source is discouraged, as researchers should be very familiar with their sources and have access to primary sources. Citing the original source also ensures the quotation is exact. It is always best to cite the original source. If, however, the original source is not available or is in a language you cannot read, then you must acknowledge/cite both sources. Use phrases such as “quoted in” or “cited in” or “trans.” to link the bibliographic information for each source. The example below uses two of these phrases because it includes a quotation that was also translated. The citation format for each source will vary depending on the type of source. 

Footnote Format

1 [Original/PrimarySource] quoted in [Secondary Source].

Footnote Examples

1  Jean Trouillard, La Mystagogie de Proclus (Paris: Société d’Édition Les Belles Lettres, 1982), 50, trans. and quoted in David Williams, Deformed Discourse: The Function of the Monster in Mediaeval Thought and Literature (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1996), 28.

Bibliography Format

[Original/Primary Source]. Quoted in [Secondary Source with Author Name in Forename Surname format].

Bibliography Examples

Use sentence-style capitalization for non-English titles, following the capitalization rules for proper nouns in the original language. Any title written in a non-Latin script (Korean, Arabic, etc.) should be translated, placed in brackets (without italics or quotation marks), and formatted with sentence-style capitalization.

Subsequent notes can include the translated version of the title. However, make sure you do not leave out any words that govern case endings of any words in the abbreviated form.

Author names not written in a Latin script, should be transliterated and written in Western order (see Pak example below).

As a general rule, all quotations from non-English sources should be translated into English rather than quoted in the original language.  Therefore, if you provided your own translation, note this in the footnote, but not in the bibliography (see example below).

Footnote Examples

1  Karl Eduard Foerstemann, Urkundenbuch zu der Geschichte des Reichstages zu Augsburg im Jahre 1530: Nach den originalen und nach gleichzeitigen Handschriften, 2 vols. (Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, 1833-1835), 2:34, translation mine.

2  Yong-gyu Pak, 한국 기독 교회사 [History of the Korean Church], 2 vols. (Seoul: Saengmyŏng ŭi Malssŭmsa, 2004), 1:132.

3  Stephan Skalweit, Reich und Reformation [Empire and Reformation], ed. Theodor Schiffer and Walter Bussmann, Propyläen Bibliothek der Geschichte (Berlin: Propyläen Verlag, 1967), 275.

4  Étienne Gilson, Introduction a l’etude de saint Augustin (Paris: Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, 1929; trans. L. E. M. Lynch as The Christian Philosophy of Saint Augustine [New York: Random House, 1960]), 237.

5  Pak, History, 1:23.

6  Foerstemann, Urkundenbuch, 1:27.

7  Skalweit, Reich und Reformation, 402-403.

8  Gilson, Introduction, 122-23.

Bibliography Examples