Journals, Magazines, Newspapers, Websites, and Blogs

Titles: The original title in the first example below used sentence-style capitalization, but in Turabian, it is changed to headline-style. However, the original did not put a period after “St” so you should retain that and any other original punctuation and spelling.

Periodical Name: You do not need to include an initial “The” in the journal or periodical title. 

Volume, Issue no. Nearly all journals have volume numbers, but some do not have issue numbers. Your citation should follow the convention of the journal. If it has an issue number, include it. If not, don't. 

Dates: Follow the convention of the journal. If the journal issue is dated solely, by the year, just include the year. If it specifies a month (e.g., June 2022) or a month range (e.g., June-August 2022), then include that as well. Alternatively, if the journal is published seasonally, then include the season (e.g., Summer 2022).

Page #s: Note the difference between footnote and bibliography. In a footnote, cite only the specific page numbers related to your quotation or reference. In the bibliography, list the page range for the whole article. 

URL: If you access a journal online, include a URL. If the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is available, type “https://doi.org/” and add the DOI. If no DOI is available, use a URL that directly links to the article (ideally, a permalink URL rather than your browser’s URL). However, if you found the article through an online database (e.g., the EBSCO ATLA Religion Database), you are allowed to give the name of the database rather than the URL. See examples below.

Do not include access dates for scholarly journal articles that are paginated. 

NOTE: Thesis writers should omit/remove hyperlinks when including a URL. If your word processor automatically makes the URL a hyperlink, right-click on the URL and select “Remove Hyperlink.” If necessary, recolor the text black as well.

Footnote Format

​​1 Forename Surname, “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article,” Title of Journal #, no. # (Month/Season Year): #, DOI/URL.

2 Surname, “Short Title,” #.

Footnote Examples

1  Gerald O’Collins, “St Augustine as Apologist for the Resurrection of Christ,” Scottish Journal of Theology 69, no. 3 (2016): 328-29.

2  O’Collins, “St Augustine,” 334.

3  Travis Dumsday, “C. S. Lewis on the Problem of Divine Hiddenness,” Anglican Theological Review 97, no. 1 (Winter 2015): 34, http://www.anglicantheologicalreview.org/read/article/1798/.

4  Graham A. Cole, “C. S. Lewis: An Evangelical Appreciation,” Reformed Theological Review 53, no. 3 (September-December 1994): 103-104, ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials, EBSCOhost.

5  Ian A. McFarland, “’God, the Father Almighty’: A Theological Excursus,” International Journal of Systematic Theology 18, no. 3 (2016): 262, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijst.12155.

6  Dumsday, “Divine Hiddenness,” 32.

7  Cole, “Evangelical Appreciation,” 103.

8  McFarland, “God, the Father Almighty,” 270.

9  Richard S. Hess, “The Messiah before Jesus: The Suffering Servant of the Dead Sea Scrolls,” Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin 45 (2000): 54–55.

Bibliography Format

Surname, Forename. “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article.” Title of Journal #, no. # (Month/Season Year): ##-##. DOI/URL.

Bibliography Examples

Footnote Format

​​1 Forename Surname, “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article,” Title of Magazine, Date, #.

2 Surname, “Short Title,” #.

Footnote Examples

1 Michael Rota, “The Ultimate Wager: Why Pascal’s Famous Bet on God is Still Worth Making,” Christianity Today, May 2016, 46.

2 Rota, “Ultimate Wager,” 47.

Bibliography Format

Surname, Forename. “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article.” Title of Magazine, Date.

Bibliography Examples

Most book reviews are untitled, that is, they do not have a separate title from the title of the book. Instead, they begin with the title and bibliographic information of the book. If the book review has a separate title from the title of the book, then cite it as a regular journal article.

Reviewer Name vs. Book Author Name:  When citing a book review, you always list the name of the person who wrote the review first. This is then followed by the words "review of" (footnote) /"Review of"(bibliography). Then the title of the book is listed and then the author of the book. 

Volume, Issue no. Nearly all journals have volume numbers, but some do not have issue numbers. Your citation should follow the convention of the journal. If it has an issue number, include it. If not, don't. 

Dates: Follow the convention of the journal. If the journal issue is dated solely, by the year, just include the year. If it specifies a month (e.g., June 2022) or a month range (e.g., June-August 2022), then include that as well. Alternatively, if the journal is published seasonally, then include the season (e.g., Summer 2022).

Page #s: Note the difference between footnote and bibliography. In a footnote, cite only the specific page numbers related to your quotation or reference. In the bibliography, list the page range for the whole article. 

URL: If you access a journal online, include a URL. If the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is available, type “https://doi.org/” and add the DOI. If no DOI is available, use a URL that directly links to the article (ideally, a permalink URL rather than your browser’s URL). However, if you found the article through an online database (e.g., the EBSCO ATLA Religion Database), you are allowed to give the name of the database rather than the URL.

Shortened Note: Turabian does not provide a format for a shortened note for book reviews. The following is therefore an adaptation of Turabian standards for similar source types.

Footnote Format

1 Reviewer Forename Surname, review of Title of Book: Subtitle of Book, by Book Author Forename Surname, Journal Title #, no. # (Month/Season Year): #, DOI/URL.

2 Reviewer Surname, review of Short Title, #.

Footnote Examples

1 Nicholas J. Moore, review of The High Priest and the Temple: Metaphorical Depictions of Jesus in the Letters of Ignatius of Antioch, by Jonathon Lookadoo, Journal for the Study of the New Testament 41, no. 5 (August 2019): 109, ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials, EBSCOhost.

2 Moore, review of High Priest, 110.

Bibliography Format

Reviewer Surname, Forname. Review of Title of Book: Subtitle of Book, by Book Author Forename Surname. Journal Title #, no. # (Month/Season Year): ##-##. DOI/URL.

Bibliography Examples

If a book review has its own title separate from the title of the book, treat it like any other periodical article. Pick the appropriate format depending on the type and source: journal article (with page#s), magazine article (with page #s), online only magazine or journal article (without page #s), etc.

Footnote Examples

Bibliography Examples

Follow the same rules for a journal article or a magazine article with page numbers, but in the place of page numbers include a URL that links directly to the article.  This applies to bibliographies and initial citations only.  Subsequent citations of the same article, will not include the URL or page numbers.  If the article is very long, with many sections, you could help readers by listing the name of the relevant section heading in place of the page number.

NOTE: Thesis writers should omit/remove hyperlinks when including a URL. If your word processor automatically makes the URL a hyperlink, right-click on the URL and select “Remove Hyperlink.” If necessary, recolor the text black as well.

Footnote Format

​​1 Forename Surname, “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article,” Title of Journal #, no. # (Month/Season Year), DOI/URL.

2 Surname, “Short Title.” 

Footnote Examples

1 Pauline A. Otieno, “Biblical and Theological Perspectives on Disability: Implications on the Rights of Persons With Disability in Kenya,” Disability Studies Quarterly 29, no. 4 (November 5, 2009), https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v29i4.988.

2 Otieno, “Perspectives on Disability.” 

3 Sam Alberry, “Is Sexuality a Matter of First Importance?” Christianity Today, July-August 2024, https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2024/july-august/sexuality-important-gender-lgbtq-christianity-corinthians.html.

3 Sam Alberry, “First Importance?"

Bibliography Format

Surname, Forename. “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article.” Title of Journal #, no. # (Month/Season Year), DOI/URL.

Surname, Forename. “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article.” Title of Magazine, Month/Season Year. DOI/URL.

Bibliography Examples

For newspaper names, you can omit an initial The. If the name does not include a city, then you should add it in (e.g. Philadelphia Inquirer), except for well-known papers like the Wall Street Journal. For both very common and obscure names, include the city, state, or province in parentheses: Times (London). Retain the initial article for foreign newspapers if it is usually part of the name: Der Spiegel.

Neither issues, editions, or pages are included in citations for newspapers, even if they are printed editions. However, if the article was consulted online, include a URL.

Note: Some editorial articles are written by the editorial board of the newspaper and so have no individual author.  In such cases, put "editorial" after the name of the newspaper (see example below).

Footnote Format

​​1 Forename Surname, “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article,” Title of Newspaper, Month Day, Year, URL.

2 Surname, “Short Title.” 

Footnote Examples

1 Claudia Voigt, ”Pippi Longstocking’s Creator: Wartime Diaries Reveal the True Astrid Lindgren,” trans. Christopher Sultan, Der Spiegel, September 24, 2015, http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/two-new-books-on-astrid-lindgren-to-be-published-this-fall-a-1054374.html.

2  “China’s War on Groups That Help the Powerless,” Washington Post, editorial, May 1, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/chinas-war-on-groups-that-help-the-powerless/2016/05/01/7099b940-0e38-11e6-8ab8-9ad050f76d7d_story.html?utm_term=.4bb1cdd53f6b.

3 Voigt, “Pippi Longstocking’s Creator.”

4  “China’s War.”

Bibliography Format

Surname, Forename. “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article.” Title of Newspaper, Month Day, Year. URL.

Bibliography Examples

If the title of the blog does not clearly state it is a blog, then include “blog” in parentheses. If the blog is part of some bigger entity, include the name parent organization or publication after the blog title.

Do not include a blog reference in the bibliography unless you frequently cite it or it is vital to your argument.

Footnote Format

​​1 Forename Surname, “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article,” Title of Blog, Month Day, Year, URL.

2 Surname, “Short Title.” 

Footnote Examples

1 William Shirey, “Conservatism and Progress,” The Hipster Conservative (blog), August 6, 2015, http://hipsterconservative.com/2015/08/06/conservatism-and-progress/.

2  Shirley, “Conservatism.”

Bibliography Format

Surname, Forename. “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article.” Title of Blog, Month Day, Year. URL.

Bibliography Example