Interviews

Personal, unpublished interviews, are often only listed in the footnotes. However, if the interview was recorded or transcribed, is cited frequently, or is vital to your argument, you may want to cite them in the bibliography as well. 

Start with the interviewee’s name (if consent has been given to use real names), then the interviewer’s name, the place and date of the interview, and if there are any transcripts or recordings of the interview available, indicate where they can be accessed. 

If you cannot include the name of the interviewee, cite it with appropriate contextual information. You should also explain the absence of names in a preface or else in the first note where a name is withheld (“All interviews were confidential; names of interviewees are withheld for privacy purposes.”). If only select names were withheld, explain this after the first note for each interviewee withheld (entry 3).

Footnote Format

1 Interviewee Forename Surname, interview by Interviewer Forename Surname, City, Month Day, Year, location of transcript/recording.

2 Interviewee Surname, interview.

Footnote Examples

1  Calvin S. Fuller, interviewed by James J. Bohning, April 29, 1986, Vero Beach, FL.

2  Philippa Mason, interview by the author, York, England, September 13, 2013, transcript available in Appendix B.

3  Interview with an inner-city church elder by the author, Nairobi, Kenya. March 11, 2016. The name of the interviewee has been withheld by mutual agreement.

4  Mason, interview.

5  Fuller, interview.

6  Inner-city church worker, interview.

Bibliography Format (if necessary)